
Une première radio à Casablanca
Une radio mobile pour la cinquième armée
OAC Radio, le premier réseau
Le lancement de la première AES
Plusieurs stations en Méditerranée en mai 1944
En juillet 1943, les Alliés débarquent en Sicile. Personnels et matériels des stations de l’AES suivent. Il remonteront ainsi toute l’Italie suivant la progression du front et créeront des stations. En mai 1944, on compte des radios à Casablanca, Oran, Alger, Tunis, Palerme, Naples, plus la radio mobile qui suit la cinquième armée américaine.
Des stations quelquefois bricolées
Le 17 août 1943, une station de 150 watts s’était ouverte à Oran sur 650 khz, 421 mètres. L’US Navy fournit le matériel et le personnel, seul le manager vient de l’AES.

Puis une autre à Tunis. Mais cette dernière ferme pour suivre l’armée en Sicile. Une équipe de six militaires installent alors un studio dans un bâtiment endommagé par les bombardements près de Bizerte. Ils récupèrent des couvertures laissés par les Allemands dans un dépôt pour isoler une pièce en studio, bricolent un tourne-disque, fabriquent une table de mixage maison, trouvent un micro et à l’aide d’un petit émetteur diffusent sur 1210 khz en soirée à partir du 15 mai 1944.
Toutes ses stations arrêteront d’émettre au départ des troupes américaines à la fin de la guerre.
1942: The GIs Land on the Airwaves of North Africa
November 8, 1942 – The Allies Land in North Africa
On November 8, 1942, the Allies landed in North Africa. It was the beginning of a campaign that would take them through Tunisia, then Sicily, and up the Italian boot. To boost troop morale, the American Expeditionary Corps created several radio stations — some of them mobile. Two years after the landings in Morocco and Algeria, fifteen stations had been established, and eight had been shut down as the Americans advanced.
But the adventure got off to a rocky start. A team of radio men aboard the battleship USS Texas was ready to broadcast in the first hours of the landing, aiming to inform local populations until they could seize control of Radio-Maroc in Rabat. But when the landings began at dawn, French coastal batteries opened fire on the American fleet — and in particular on the Texas, stationed off Port-Lyautey (now Kénitra). The antenna was blown apart, the equipment badly shaken, and the operation fell silent. Fortunately, a secret transmitter had been set up to override Radio-Maroc’s programs and announce Operation Torch.
Once the fighting ended, the team assigned to run the radio was left idle, as Radio-Maroc remained under the control of the French army — which had by then joined the Allied side.
The First Radio Station in Casablanca
The very first of these American military radio stations was launched in Casablanca, Morocco. It all began with a conversation between General Patton and one of his lieutenants, André Baruch, a radio announcer who had enlisted in the U.S. Army in December 1942. With a small team of soldiers who knew the trade, he managed to quickly set up a station with whatever equipment they could find. Luckily, Houston Brown, an officer and a technology professor in civilian life, had salvaged an old French shortwave transmitter that he managed to repair and adapt for medium waves.
Two days later, on December 15 at noon, ABS — American Broadcasting System — went on the air with its first record: What Is This Thing Called Love. At first, everything was improvised, with only about twenty records in rotation and news rebroadcast from American stations. The station aired from 12 to 1 p.m. and again from 7:30 to 9 p.m.
Things improved later when supply ships brought in a stock of 4,000 records, around forty recorded shows provided by U.S. radio networks, and, most importantly, a more powerful 1,000-watt transmitter. By March, the American station in Casablanca was broadcasting from 11 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. on two frequencies: 1083 kHz (medium wave) and 7035 kHz (shortwave).
A Mobile Station for the Fifth Army
The old improvised transmitter was sent north to Oujda, on the Algerian-Moroccan border. It relayed Casablanca’s programs on 1230 kHz for the Fifth Army, then being formed in Oujda. Later, this army would have a mobile radio station installed in two trucks, able to follow the advance of the front line all the way to northern Italy.
OAC Radio – The First Network
In the spring of 1943, another 1,000-watt station was set up in Algiers. Thanks to two relay transmitters, GIs stationed in Algeria could now listen to what became the first embryonic network of army radios, called OAC Radio — for Oran (1204 kHz), Algiers, and Constantine.
The success of these stations, powered by programs recorded in the U.S. by the AFRS (American Forces Radio System, created in March 1942), prompted the U.S. Army to organize its local radio services more formally.
The Launch of the First AES Station
On Monday, May 26, the U.S. Army launched an entertainment station for soldiers based in Algiers. The studio and 1,000-watt transmitter were installed at the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Forces. At first, it broadcast daily from 11:30 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. and from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. on 279 meters (1110 kc).
A special message from General Eisenhower inaugurated the American Expeditionary Radio Station (AES). It soon expanded its schedule, airing continuously from 6:30 a.m. to 10:30 p.m., and switched frequency to 286 meters (1050 kc). The programs consisted largely of music and entertainment shows supplied by major American networks (Jack Benny, Charlie McCarthy, Fred Allen, Bob Hope, etc.). Each week, 42 pre-recorded programs were shipped from the United States to supply the GIs’ stations.
The station also aired programs recorded for British soldiers — about three hours per day — produced by the ENSA (Entertainments National Service Association). But in January 1944, the British set up their own entertainment station in Algiers, the British Forces Experimental Station, using a small transmitter captured from the enemy. This experiment would later become the foundation of the British Forces Broadcasting Service.
Several Mediterranean Stations by May 1944
In July 1943, the Allies landed in Sicily. AES staff and equipment followed the troops, moving up through Italy and setting up new stations along the way. By May 1944, there were American army stations in Casablanca, Oran, Algiers, Tunis, Palermo, and Naples — plus the mobile station following the U.S. Fifth Army.
Improvised Stations
On August 17, 1943, a 150-watt station went on the air in Oran at 650 kHz (421 meters). The U.S. Navy provided the equipment and personnel, with only the manager coming from AES.
Another station opened in Tunis, but it later closed when the team moved to Sicily with the troops. A group of six servicemen set up a studio in a bomb-damaged building near Bizerte. They used German blankets from a warehouse to soundproof a room, built their own mixer, improvised a turntable, found a microphone, and with a small transmitter, began broadcasting on 1210 kHz in the evenings starting May 15, 1944.
All of these stations stopped broadcasting when American troops departed at the end of the war.
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